Enterprise Risk Management ( Erm ) - 1166 Words

Literature Review Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) In light of the fraud scandals that took place in 2001 and 2002 companies all over the world have been introduced to a new system to help incorporate corporate governance, risk management, and the requirements made by the SOX. That new system is known as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). The ERM system has been suggested to be the new system to help companies predict risk and help achieve their overall objectives (Arena, Arnaboldi, Azzone, 2011). The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) has defined â€Å"ERM as a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives† (Arena, Arnaboldi, Azzone, 2011, Baxter, et al., 2013). In addition, the COSO identifies eight unified components that consist of the internal environment, objectives setting, event identification, risk assessment, risk response, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring (Arena, Arnaboldi, Azzone, 2011). Companies who implement an ERM system and follow these eight components help to guarantee the accomplishment of the company’s overall objective across their different organizational levels. The ERM system entrenchesShow MoreRelatedI.Introduction . Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Started2499 Words   |  10 PagesI. Introduction Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) started to steady down at the end of 1990s and has been mostly recognized as the expectations for the effective management and corporate governance. (Fraser and Simkins, 2016) This report divided into 4 parts base on the understanding of ERM and Marks Spencer (MS) 2016 Annual report. Firstly, a literature review of ERM to determine the appropriate comprehension of ERM in MS. Secondly, this report introduced basic situation of MS Corporation toRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1741 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction âž ¢ What is Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)? Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of an organization in order to minimize the effect of risk on an organizations capital and earnings. ERM expands the process to include not just risks associated with accidental losses, but also financial, strategic, operational, and other risks. âž ¢ Benefits of Enterprise Risk Management In Finance †¢ Financial IncentivesRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1531 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). How much risk can be taken so that gain can be increase as risk is directly associated with gain Answer 1: Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has great potential to provide organizations with new competitive advantages. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is designed and disciplined approach to deal with strategy, processes, people, technology and knowledge by the motive of evaluation of management of uncertainties which are faced by the enterprises and generatesRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1726 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise Risk Management (ERM) is the ability to identify, manage and/or mitigate risks that can affect the overall business operations down to the day to day operations of an organization (Hampton, J., 2009). The overall Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) entails the utilization of a holistic model to identify risks that face an organization. ERM is not successful when it is managed in silos. Doing so could lead to the organization not having a clear understanding of risks and a misunderstandingRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Zimbabwe Agenda For Sustainable Socio E conomic Transformation Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe importance or role played by Enterprise Risk Management in achieving the current goals or objectives of ZimAsset [30] Enterprise risk management (ERM) has been defined by the COSO (2004) as a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonableRead MoreRisk Management Is A Essential Component Of Any Business1046 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management is a vital component of any business, especially health care. Risk management can be generally defined as recognizing, preventing, and monitoring situations that could result in injury or liability, monetary loss, or noncompliance of regulations (Chubb Health Care, 2004, 9). In a basic risk management system, risks are identified in separate risk area. Each risk area is handled by a different department. It addresses the risks to an organization at the department level. In theRead MoreRelationship Between Corporate Governan ce And Risk Management Of High Technology Firms1595 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between corporate governance and risk management of high technology firms, with publicly listed Australian biotechnology organizations as for example. It displays a governance structure that better deals with the various complex risks such organizations face. INTRODUCTION The current global financial crisis has seen the breakdown of various organizations universally, showing that no industry or ward is invulnerable from insufficient or wrong risk management. In the light of the current globalRead MoreQuestions On Implementing An Effective Erm Program1492 Words   |  6 Pages Assignment 1: ERM Roadmap Wayne Thomas Dr. Patricia White IT Audit and Control October 15, 2016 Abstract This paper represents the IT Audit and Control course and will address the following four issues. ïÆ'Ëœ We will elaborate the COSO Risk Management Framework and COSO’s ERM process. ïÆ'Ëœ We will propose to management the method that they need to take to implement an effective ERM program. This will comprise the concerns and the organizational impact they might meet if they do not implement anRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management1609 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper discusses how a company can successfully implement the Enterprise Risk Management based on COSO guidelines. This paper discusses a step by step process of the implementation plan at Dell Inc, the responsibilities of the workforce and management, the risk mitigation approach and how to monitor the activities successfully. Enterprise Risk Management In the wake of all the financial scandals, a variety of laws and regulations have been passed which makes the board of directorsRead MoreRisk Management 7 Step Process1280 Words   |  6 PagesEnterprise Risk Management is defined as â€Å"the process of identifying and analyzing risk from an integrated, company-wide perspective. It is a structured and disciplined approach in aligning strategy, processes, people, technology and knowledge with a purpose of evaluating and managing the uncertainties the enterprise faces as it creates value† (Woon, Azizan, Samad,  2011, p.  23). Had Non-Linear Pro utilized Enterprise Risk Management, the company would have been able to reduce their liability

Symbolism And Similarities Of Sir Gawain The Green Knight...

Symbolism and Similarities in Sir Gawain the Green Knight Othello and The Flea The definition of symbolism is an artistic poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. The use of symbolism can make stories that are completely different and tie them all together. That is the case for Sir Gawain the Green Knight (a chivalric romantic), Othello (a tragedy) and the Flea (erotic poem). If just read it would be hard to find what a Knight who is walking to his death, a man who believes his wife is cheating on him and a guy trying to seduce a girl all have in common. But looking at the little details and a few symbolic meanings/items they are more alike than not. Throughout Sir Gawain we see a few things that reoccur. First is the pentangle (Five Pointed Star) On the shield of Sir Gawain, The color green, and the green girdle. The pentangle has many meanings. Faultless in the five senses, faithful of the five wounds of Christ, but most importantly it stands for the 5 Virtues of knights. Which are friendship, generosity, chastity, piety (devout fulfillment of religious obligations). The Pentangle flows perfectly into each point. The next symbol used in Sir Gawain is the color green. â€Å"The horse that he rides is entirely of that color, in truth. A green horse huge and strong, A proud steed to restrain, Spirited under bridle But obedient to the man.† This massive knight green from head to toe

Alternative Dispute Resolution Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Alternative Dispute Resolution. Answer: Alternative Dispute Resolution is an important legal instrument to settle a dispute in between two parties with the intervention by a third party[1]. It is an amicable way to resolve a dispute. Court has certain duties to manage the cases actively. The base of the process is to solve the dispute and therefore, an active participation of both the parties are required. It is the duty of the court to encourage the parties in this case. The problematic issues are needed to be solved at the early stage and separate the trial cases for the summary disposal. The process of civil case is time worthy in nature. Hence, if the court satisfies, it can advise the parties to place the case before the alternative resolution. In this case, court can mention a timetable to control the progression of the case. The main theme of ADR is to solve a case more promptly without getting involved in a court proceeding[2]. Therefore, the duty of the court should ensure the efficient proceeding of the case. The similar process has been adopted by many countries including United States of America, Russia, and India etc. Reference: Blake, Susan Heather, Julie Browne, and Stuart Sime.A practical approach to alternative dispute resolution. Oxford University Press, 2016. Marriott, Arthur. "Mandatory ADR and Access to Justice."ADR, Arbitration, and Mediation(2014): 253.

Tropical Rainforests Of The World Essays (5486 words) -

Tropical Rainforests Of The World The Tropical Rainforests of the World In this term paper, I will explain the great importance of the tropical Rainforests around the world and discuss the effects of the tragedy of rainforest destruction and the effect that it is having on the earth. I will talk about the efforts being made to help curb the rate of rainforest destruction and the peoples of the rainforest, and I will explore a new topic in the fight to save the rainforest, habitat fragmentation. Another topic being discussed is the many different types of rainforest species and their uniqueness from the rest of the world. First, I will discuss the many species of rare and exotic animals, Native to the Rainforest. Tropical Rainforests are home to many of the strangest looking and most beautiful, largest and smallest, most dangerous and least frightening, loudest and quietest animals on earth. There are many types of animals that make their homes in the rainforest some of them include: jaguars, toucans, parrots, gorillas, and tarantulas. There are so many fascinating animals in tropical rainforest that millions have not even identified yet. In fact, about half of the worlds species have not even been identified yet. But sadly, an average of 35 species of rainforest animals are becoming extinct every day. So many species of animals live in the rainforest than any other parts of the world because rainforests are believed to be the oldest ecosystem on earth. Some forests in southeast Asia have been around for at least 100 million years, ever since the dinosaurs have roamed the earth. During the ice ages, the last of which occurred about 10,000 years ago, the frozen areas of the North and South Poles spread over much of the earth, causing huge numbers of extinctions. But the giant freeze did not reach many tropical rainforests. Therefore, these plants and animals could continue to evolve, developing into the most diverse and complex ecosystems on earth. The nearly perfect conditions for life also help contribute to the great number of species. With temperatures constant at about 75-80 degrees Fahrenheit the whole year, the animals dont have to worry about freezing during the cold winters or finding hot shade in the summers. They rarely have to search for water, as rain falls almost every day in tropical rainforests. Some rainforest species have populations that number in the millions. Other species consist of only a few dozen individuals. Living in limited areas, most of these species are found nowhere else on earth. For example, the maues marmoset, a species of monkey, wasnt discovered until recently. Its entire tiny population lives within a few square miles in the Amazon rainforest. This species of monkey is so small that it could fit into a persons hand! In a rainforest, it is difficult to see many things other than the millions of insects creeping and crawling around in every layer of the forest. Scientists estimate that there are more than 50 million different species of invertebrates living in rainforests. A biologist researching the rainforest found 50 different of ants on a single tree in Peru! A few hours of poking around in a rainforest would produce several insects unknown to science. The constant search for food , water, sunlight and space is a 24-hour pushing and shoving match. With this fierce competition, it is amazing that that so many species of animals can all live together. But this is actually the cause of the huge number of the different species. The main secret lies in the ability of many animals to adapt to eating a specific plant or animal, which few other species are able to eat. An example of such adaptations would be the big beaks of the toucans and parrots. Their beaks give them a great advantage over other birds with smaller beaks. The fruits and nuts from many trees have evolved with a tough shell to protect them from predators. In turn toucans and parrots developed large, strong beaks, which serves as a nutcracker and provides them with many tasty meals. Many animal species have developed relationships with each other that benefit both species. Birds and mammal species love to eat the tasty fruits provided by trees. Even fish living in the Amazon River rely on the fruits dropped from forest trees. In turn, the fruit trees depend upon these animals to eat their fruit, which helps them to spread their seeds to far - off parts of the forest. In some cases both species are so

Nonverbal Communications Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Nonverbal Communications Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Nonverbal Communications Interpersonal Communications and Relationships James Thomas October 9, 2015 Nonverbal Communications Artifacts are objects that we use to identify a person, heritage, race and environment. They may also define personal territory, to claim our space we fill them with objects that matter to us and that reflect our experiences and values. They also communicate important relationship meanings. We use them to announce our identities and to express how we perceive and feel about others. Environmental factors are the elements of setting that have emotional impact on how we feel and act. It all refer to what makes up the atmosphere or background against which someone or something is seen. Environment may refer either to actual physical surroundings or to social or cultural background factors. There is a red scented candle lighting in my room, the candle doesn't mind losing its essence, even dying in the process, in the most positive way just so you can have a positive moment. Just by watching the flame reach new heights and listening to the wick crackle as it burns seeing that it Project a beam of light onto a wall and I notice the flame isn't emitting a shadow. It gives off a cinnamon scent making me feel so relaxed, it kind of smells like Christmas. My bedroom is my favorite room in my house. I enjoy my bedroom because it describes me. The things that describe me the most in my room are the wall colors, pictures, and the decorations. My walls are a dark green my favourite color, I have pictures of my nephews that I hang on my wall along with pictures of me and my siblings. I also have a pride flag hanging above my bed. I feel that this communicates about me that I am a proud uncle to my 2 nephews, that I love my siblings so much that I display them. Also that I am a proud gay man as to why I have my pride flag. I think that my room would make someone feel welcomed there is a couch that they could sit on so when they see that they know ok we can sit down. It would also make them feel relaxed and comfortable having the television on letting them know that they can feel at home. Most of my friends know my family and me so I know that they would defiantly feel safe and secure in my room. I would feel depressed and bare because all my artifacts were gone, they announce who I am and show my personality. My room would definitely not feel the same because the items in my room reflect who I am as a person, they tell people that I am a relaxed decent guy who adores his nephews and siblings. Reference (Julia wood, Ann Schweitzer, Everyday Encounters, 2006, 179)

Our newest release - 13 months in the making!

Our newest release - 13 months in the making! Our newest release – 13 months in the making! It’s been almost 13 months since our last updated, but we’ve been working hard over that time period to make a better web application. And we still have a lot to do. Thanks so much for your patience. Take a look around and get yourself acquainted with the changes that have been made. Read all about it below: Tooltip help – we’ve introduced â€Å"tooltip help† to . When entering information about your source into the form fields, hold your cursor over the field label (indicated by blue text and a dotted underline) and you will see a tooltip pop up. This will provide details of the formatting rules and guidelines that are relevant to the source you are citing. Citation tagging – you can now tag individual citations, in order to categorize them by subject, author, or any other area of interest. This feature is available on the â€Å"My Saved Bibliographies† page. Once you tag citations, you can filter by them and see a list of citations with a specific tag. You can then download this filtered list or save it as a new bibliography! Improved â€Å"My Bibliography† interface – we’ve made many changes to the way your in-progress bibliography displays. First, your bibliography is now confined to a specifically-sized section so that large bibliographies don’t make the page scroll down infinitely. Second, you can now name and rename your bibliography simply by clicking the pencil icon next to the bibliography title, which we’ve also added to the interface. Photograph support – now supports citing photographs, pictures, or images found online. Check the dropdown list from the â€Å"Other† tab to cite a photograph. Annotations – you can now append notes or general information to your citations. These annotations will appear at the bottom of your exported bibliography. Calendar interface for entering dates – thanks to a Rails plugin called CalendarDateSelect, you can now use a popup calendar to select and enter date information, instead of filling it in. Click the calendar icon next to any month/day/year fields to use it. Expanded Help and FAQ page – in response to common questions and emails we receive, we’ve added new questions and areas of concern to our Help and FAQ page. Design improvements – all across the website, you should notice some visual tweaks and changes. We’ve standardized the web site design and thrown some polish over everything. Magazine search patched – the AutoFill functionality for Magazine is restored, after having to change the way interfaced with FindArticles. Improved Blog page – we finally matched our blog’s color scheme to the rest of the website. But we also have provided an RSS feed link so you can subscribe to our blog and be automatically updated about any updates, changes, or new features that we add to . Formatting style updates – we want to thank all of our users who reported any inaccuracies in the style guide’s formatting rules. has since fixed any issues. Various bug fixes – many of the visual bugs that persisted have been fixed.

Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cloning - Essay Example Thomas, years ago, knew that science would come to a point where the impossible is indeed achieved. The question which he asks, but to which there is no hard and fast answer, is, â€Å"is it ethical†? The possibility of human cloning was raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Lauritzen 57-64). Dolly aroused worldwide interest and concern because of the scientific and ethical implications in creating her. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also generated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (Murray, 41) When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. (Murray, 41) The following three types of cloning technologies are the most progressive: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. The terms "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning,"or "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. (Kass 89-100) The DNA of interest can then be propagated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. Scientists studying a particular gene often use bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene. Plasmids are self-replicating extra-chromosomal circular

The Battle of Gettysburge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Battle of Gettysburge - Research Paper Example Two divisions of Confederates advanced to Gettysburg on July 1, running west of the town into Federal cavalry and thus starting the skirmish. While the Union’s men were less than 20,000, Lee sent 25,000 men for the battle. After the pushed back Federals regrouped south of the town, Lee ordered Confederate General R.S. Eswell to take measures to sieze the high ground to deter the Federals. The hesitation by General Eswell provided the Union troops with an opportunity to bring in reinforcements and artillery by digging in along the Cemetery Ridge, thus waiving the opportunity for Lee. Meade anticipated increased defense for his position with the arrival of 100,000 men’s reinforcements. Confederate General James Longstreet suggested Lee to leave the Union position alone, considering it nearly impregnable. But Lee believed in the invincibility of his own army and was without cavalry which was of immense help to him during the troop movements. Considering the southern end of the Cemetery Ridge less well defended, Lee resolved to attack the defensive position of the Union Army there. While Lee had ordered General Longstreet to attack on July 2 on 10 a.m., Longstreet did not commence the attack until 4 p.m. This delay further strengthened the position of the Union Army (Soodalter, 2013). The fighting in which some ground was lost by the Federals but maintained a strong defense along the Cemetery Ridge ended around 10:30 p.m. Planning for the next day, Meade decided to wait for attack by Lee, keeping his army in place. Against the suggestion of Longstreet, Lee decided to attack the Union soldiers, considering them battered and almost beaten. Lee tried to gamble the victory of the Battle of Gettysburg by launching the attack from the Union line’s center the next day along the Cemetery Ridge where the attack was expected the least. But the Union cannons undermined the timetable of Lee, pounding the Rebels on Culp’s Hill. This battle ended

The darkness of mans heart Essay Example for Free

The darkness of mans heart Essay The question I have chosen to do this essay on is to discuss the way the novel is described; it is described as exploring the darkness of mans heart. The novel is set in the not too distant future where war is waging between nuclear powers in the world. Because of these circumstances a large number children have been evacuated from their homes but before they reach their destination their plane is shot down and the survivors land on a tropical almost paradise like island, unspoiled by man. This island is a microcosm representing the world. On the island the survivors all meet together and create a chief Ralph. Things soon go wrong due to members of the original group creating trouble and they decide to form their own tribe with a new chief Jack. I am going to look at how the events on the island have created an idea that the novel is exploring the darkness of mans heart. There are many areas within the novel which give evidence to support the view that the main theme is about the darkness of mans heart.. The first part of the novel is a very important part as it sets the scene of how these boys have such beautiful surroundings and how they are keen to think of ways to be rescued and just the pleasures of day to day life they enjoy. During the opening stages you can sense that the boys still have a strong memory of law and order and how to conduct themselves. One thing that shows this is when Roger an almost non existent character with little dialogue throws stones at a small child, not to hit him as he is circled with the taboo of old life Another time when we are shown the way the children have been restricted in their basic instincts due to the fact that they have been subjected to societys rigid rules, is when they go on their first hunting expedition. Jack could not bring himself to kill the pig because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood. All these games are all right to begin with but the darkness of mans heart ie the evil which many are capable of but lies hidden, needs to be controlled or else it will flourish. This shows us how we need to have rules in society or else anarchy and savagery will reign. The way in which the children remember the rules and power of the old life is  through the conch. The conch is just a shell to you and me but through it they see power and authority as whoever holds the conch has the right to speak. The conch represents in our own world today the mace in the House of Commons; this mace has the greatest of importance, as without its presence the House of Commons cannot begin. The conch I think holds them all together for a while, but its when they try to bend its rules by suggesting to remove its power in different areas of the island and eventually destroy it along with Piggy. Then I believe the darkness of mans heart becomes clearer as the conch symbolises law/order and authority. Another important part of the novel is when the beast takes on a physical persona. The beast we learn at the start is non-existent and only an empty shell that the younger children and some of the elders talk about. But it is when Ralph appeals to the adult world for help, if only they could send us something grown-up a sign or something, then from the sky a dead airmen falls from the sky. The sign the adult world gives them is one of death and destruction and we soon realise that it is not a beastie they are afraid of it is themselves, its mans own nature. This is confirmed by Simon later what I mean is maybe its only us, he is the only one to make the connection and he pays dearly for trying to communicate it to others. The deterioration in the boys sense of moralitys through the novel are ever so clear. And when we reach towards the end of the novel we see how that has happened, through the lack of authority and law. The boys have now become savages, they have gone through a massive transformation because of their surroundings and their ability to destroy and kill, and this is shown through the scar made in the island. It does this by showing mans destructive powers he is capable of. There are many things each of the characters symbolise at the end of the novel, Roger is evil a Satan like creature who has no conscious, Jack is savagery and anarchy, the beast is the inner evil in everyone (darkness of mans heart). The whole novel is symbolic in nature except the rescue in the end where adult life appears, dignified and capable, but in reality enmeshed in the same evil as the symbolic life of the children on the island. The officer  having interrupted a manhunt, prepares to take the children off the island in a cruiser, which will presently hunting its enemy in the same way. And I believe the cruiser is very important as it makes you think who will rescue the adult and his cruiser. This novel message about the darkness of mans heart means that society holds everyone together, and without these conditions, our ideals, values and basic choices of rights or wrong are lost. Without societys rigid rules anarchy and savagery can and will come to light. This novel is valuable not that it tells us of the darkness of mans heart, its valuable as it shows it by allowing us to enter into the island.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers fc

The Life of Karl Marx Karl Marx was one of the greatest thinkers ever. Studying law and philosophy, he became an important social philosopher and revolutionary. He influenced the lives of millions of people in generations well past his. A man of mystery in the democratic societies, Karl Marx led an interesting life of new ideas that would influence millions in the future. Karl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 (Karl Marx). He was the eldest son of Heinrich and Hennrietta Marx. He was born in Trier, Germany. Karl was the oldest surviving boy of nine children (Coser). Heinrich Marx was a very successful and well-educated lawyer ("Marx, Karl", Britannica). Both parents were Jewish and descended from a long line of rabbis. About a year before Karl was born, Heinrich and Henrietta converted. Karl's Jewish background brought him some prejudice ("Marx, Karl", Encarta). The prejudices, which he may heave experienced in his early life, may have brought him to question the role of religion in society, which may have influenced his desire for social change. Marx was educated from 1830 to 1835 in his hometown ("Marx, Karl", Britannica). In October, 1835, he went off to college at the University at Bonn. Marx generally studied humanities (Coser). Marx left Bonn after a year and in October 1836. He then enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law and philosophy ("Marx, Karl", Grolier). Marx's studies were not his top priority here, and he soon found himself behind. He submitted an application to the university at Jena, which was known to have low standards in its academic requirements. Karl was accepted and received his degree in April of 1841("Marx, Karl", Encarta). Marx was only seventeen years of age when he got engaged. He engaged to Jenny von Westphalen in 1837. Marx's parents were very opposed to the engagement because of Marx's young age (Basgen). In January 1842 Marx began contributing to a newspaper newly founded in Cologne. It was called the Rheinische Zeitung. Cologne was the center of industries in Prussia ("Marx, Karl", Britannica). On October 15th, 1842, Marx became editor of the Rheinische Zeitung. He was required to write many editorials from a variety of social issues. He also wrote about the new phenomenon of communism ("Marx, Karl", Grolier). On June 19th, 1843, Karl Heinrich Marx was wedded to Jenny von Westphalen. The marriage took place seven years after their engagement (Marx).

A Scrutiny of the Ethical Dilemmas in ‘A Few Good Men’

A young Navy Lawyer named Lt. Daniel Kaffee is in charge of the cases of two Marines, namely: PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson, who have been court-martialed because of allegedly murdering a fellow marine that goes by the name of PFC William T. Santiago (Reiner et. al., 1992).PFC William T. Santiago criticizes the status of Guantanamo Naval Base Bay in terms of its health condition (Reiner et. al., 1992). The top officials ignore his appeals which led him to finally decide on requesting that he be transferred to another Naval Base (Reiner et. al., 1992). As they continue to pay no attention to his complaints, he threatened that he would expose a case of an â€Å"illegal fence-line shooting† if they would not transfer him to another Naval Base (Reiner et. al., 1992).He then sends a letter to Col. Nathan Jessep, the CO of the Marines at the aforementioned base (Reiner et. al., 1992). Col. Nathan Jessep reads it as a way of informing Lt. Col. Matthew Markinson, who is Col . Nathan Jessep’s executive officer and 1st Lt. Jonathan Kendrick, who is the platoon commander of PFC William T. Santiago (Reiner et. al., 1992).Both Col. Nathan Jessep’s subordinates get mad as they were being notified about it but they disagree with the decision of transferring PFC William T. Santiago to another Naval Base (Reiner et. al., 1992). Lt. Col. Matthew Markinson wants to transfer PFC William T. Santiago, however, Col. Nathan Jessep do not agree with it stating that PFC William T. Santiago will be trained there instead (Reiner et. al., 1992).Lt. Daniel Kaffee establishes that PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson were just carrying out the instructions/orders given by Col. Nathan Jessep, as well as, 1st Lt. Jonathan Kendrick (Reiner et. al., 1992). PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson reiterate that they were given instructions to â€Å"give the victim a Code Red† (Reiner et. al., 1992). A â€Å"Code Red† is a â€Å"colloquial termino logy† that pertains to â€Å"extrajudicial punishment† (Reiner et. al., 1992).When Lt. Daniel Kaffee began to infer that he was only specifically picked to be the lead counsel of PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson, he knew immediately the reasons why (Reiner et. al., 1992). It was because he used to engage himself in â€Å"quickly settling cases by plea bargains† (Reiner et. al., 1992).The ones who picked him had two motives for choosing him: number one is to hamper the case of PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson from being tried and number two is to humiliate the Marine Corps which will eventually tarnish Col. Nathan Jessep’s promotion (Reiner et. al., 1992).Fortunately, as the case progresses, Lt. Daniel Kaffee is more motivated to work on the case (Reiner et. al., 1992). He even learned to cooperate and respect LCDR JoAnn Galloway, his partner in defending the case of PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson (Reiner et. al., 1992).In the end, Lt. Daniel Kaffee is successful in defending the case by providing evidence that indeed Col. Nathan Jessep â€Å"ordered a Code Red† to get back at PFC William T. Santiago who has written a letter with regards to a case of an â€Å"illegal fence-line shooting† (Reiner et. al., 1992).As Col. Nathan Jessep confesses that he ordered so, he was arrested and detained while PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson were not charged by the court as â€Å"guilty of murder and conspiracy to commit murder† however, was charged for â€Å"conduct unbecoming of a United States Marine† (Reiner et. al., 1992). PFC Louden Downey and LCpl Harold Dawson were â€Å"dishonorably discharged† because of that (Reiner et. al., 1992).   

Rapport created in Chicago speech by Barack Obama Essay

In this study I will be analysing the speech of Barack Obama in two different contexts. The first speech is his victory speech in Chicago on the 4th November 2008. The second is his campaigning speech in Iowa. These speeches depict Obama in both a formal and less formal situation. It is important that we realise that his strategies have changed. Barack Obama creates rapport with the audience during his victory acceptance speech in many ways. He creates an immediate bond with the audience as he begins his speech by saying, â€Å"Hello Chicago!† He then pauses for a minute in order for the citizens of America to welcome him as the USA’s president. Then he addresses the people who had not voted for him because they thought he was not capable of leading America and then thanking the thousands of voters that gave him his victory. The effective line â€Å"tonight is your answer†, uses personal pronouns to engage the audience and involve them in his success. Obama thanks his â€Å"partner†, this shows the close friendship between himself and his colleagues before thanking his own family. This shows the gratefulness towards the Americans for making him president. The president begins to talk about his own life, â€Å"the love of my life†, allowing the citizens into his own world. This shows him as being very humble and creates rapport as it shows that there were lots of people behind his own success and in order for America to be a success, the citizens will be there for her. In the victory speech, Obama refers to situations that allow a connection between himself and the audience as he uses phrases such as â€Å"on the train home† proving that he too is an ordinary man like the rest of them. However he also refers the patriotic past of the United States of America. Barack Obama often uses powerful visual imagery and metaphors in his victory speech. Earlier on he uses contrast and personal pronouns to rely on him. â€Å"We are not enemies but friends†. This allows the American population to feel involved and make them feel as if they do have a say in the way the country is run. He also talks of Ann Nixon Cooper who at the point that this speech was told was 106 years old. Like himself, she was a black woman who saw the changes in the running of USA, making it personal. He also talks about many famous women and men who had changed history for example, â€Å"a man {who} touched down on the moon†, â€Å"a preacher from Atlanta†. It is evident that he wishes to be remembered throughout history not only as America’s first black president but as someone who made â€Å"America †¦ change†. This short sentence emphasises the fact that he would be a great president. An antithesis is used to show that he can make a difference, â€Å"the heartache and the hope†, although this is contrast and alliteration, the soft sounds of the â€Å"h† sanctions the words to roll on the tongue to put their confidence in their new president. The constant repetition of the phrase â€Å"Yes we can†, creates rapport with the audience as it goes through their mind that the president on the stage will unite everyone and change everything for the better. The citizens then begin to chant along with Barack Obama. It is evident that the citizens have trusted the man to improve the quality of life in America. Obama attended this speech with formal attire, a black suit and a red tie to represent as he has transcended in politics, he no longer represents just the Democratic party but everyone so he has chosen to wear a patriotic colour that symbolises the whole of USA. It also shows him to be a powerful and bold man. His hair is short, clean shaven and perfect yet it looks natural allowing the population to see him more seriously. In the background there are waving American flags, a patriotic sign there is also a stage separating him from the population proving that he is more powerful and has to look down at them, priority. Barack Obama did not slouch in this speech, he did not lean against the podium however he does stand straight to look more focused and makes many hand gestures although they are restricted when he is trying to put a point across as well as having a clenched fist when he wants to look serious and emphasise a point that he has made seeming confident. An interesting point is that during this speech Obama does not hesitate at all as if he has had faith in him winning therefore he has practised it many times in order to ensure that it was perfect. However it was not the same in his campaigning speech in Iowa closer to the time of the election. We know this because he is extremely exhausted and tired. Here there is a small audience in the gym who are trying to decide who to vote for in the coming election (2008).He makes this speech to persuade them to vote for him. Although the president (a senator at this point) wears a suit with a red tie he seems to be more uncomfortable as he is shown to be scratching his face and unbuttoning his shirt as it may have been slightly putrid in there as it is a gym. He turns around often as he is in an uncomfortable position, he is in the centre of a circle where it is difficult for him to make eye contact with the audience. Obama tries to create rapport with the audience as he takes the opportunity to make a joke however when no one laughs he accredits it to his wife, Michelle Obama. He hesitates and makes lots of pauses often. The reason for this may be that he had forgotten what he was meant to say, he had not rehearsed anything or that he was tired. Barack Obama does create rapport by using an anecdote to allow the audience to enter his personal life, â€Å"we were still living in a condo. â€Å"It was a little bit too small for the kids† showing that he does understand the lives of many American citizens. He realises that the audience in the gym are middle aged, adults with a young child. As he addresses the fact that he did not know how there were going to get money â€Å"for college for the girls† as well as â€Å"save for †¦ retirement†. This proves that he has done his research and knows his audience well as he talks about their concerns. Obama does not show himself to have confidence and faith in himself as he says, â€Å"I think that if you trust me then I think I’ll deliver for you.† He appears very colloquial as he has abbreviated the words ‘I will’ to â€Å"I’ll†. It is not effective as he tells the spectators that he â€Å"think[‘s]† that he will be a good president.

History of the Tom Thumb Steam Engine and Peter Cooper

History of the Tom Thumb Steam Engine and Peter Cooper Peter Cooper and the Tom Thumb steam locomotive are important figures in the  history of railroads in the United States. The coal-burning engine led to the replacement of horse-drawn trains. It was the first American-built steam locomotive to be operated on a common-carrier railroad. Peter Cooper Peter Cooper was born Feb. 12, 1791, in New York City and died on April 4, 1883. He was an inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist from New York City. The Tom Thumb locomotive was designed and built by Peter Cooper in 1830. Cooper bought land along the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and prepared it for the train route. He found iron ore on the property and founded the Canton Iron Works to produce iron rails for the railroad. His other businesses included an iron rolling mill and a glue factory. The Tom Thumb was built to convince the railroad owners to use steam engines. It was cobbled together with a small boiler and spare parts that included musket barrels. It was fueled by anthracite coal. From Trains to Telegraphs and Jell-O Peter Cooper also obtained the very first American patent for the manufacture of  gelatin  (1845). In 1895, Pearle B. Wait, a cough syrup manufacturer, bought the patent from Peter Cooper and turned Coopers gelatin dessert into a prepackaged commercial product, which his wife, May David Wait, renamed Jell-O. Cooper was one of the founders of a telegraph company that eventually bought up competitors to dominate the eastern coast. He also supervised the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1858. Cooper became one of the richest men in New York City due to his business success and investments in real estate and insurance. Cooper founded the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City.   The Tom Thumb and the First U.S. Railway Chartered to Transport Freight and Passengers On February 28, 1827, the Baltimore Ohio Railroad became the first U.S. railway chartered for commercial transport of passengers and freight. There were skeptics who doubted that a steam engine could work along steep, winding grades, but the Tom Thumb, designed by Peter Cooper, put an end to their doubts. Investors hoped a railroad would allow Baltimore, the second largest U.S. city at the time, to successfully compete with New York for western trade. The first railroad track in the United States was only 13 miles long, but it caused a lot of excitement when it opened in 1830. Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, laid the first stone when construction on the track began at Baltimore harbor on July 4, 1828 Baltimore and the Ohio River were connected by rail in 1852 when the BO was completed at Wheeling, West Virginia. Later extensions brought the line to Chicago, St. Louis, and Cleveland. In 1869, the Central Pacific line and the Union Pacific line joined to create the first transcontinental railroad. Pioneers continued to travel west by covered wagon, but as trains became faster and more frequent, settlements across the continent grew larger and more quickly.

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators When the topic of  mosquito control is discussed, thrown into the mix is usually a fervent argument for installing purple martin houses and bat houses. Stores that cater to bird enthusiasts often tout the purple martin houses as the best solution for keeping your yard mosquito free. Bats, which may not be the most beloved of mammals, are defended with the claim that they consume hundreds of mosquitoes per hour. The truth of the matter is that neither purple martins nor bats provide any significant measure of mosquito control. While both eat mosquitoes, the insect makes up a very tiny portion of their diets. Other animals might have an upper hand on mosquito control, particularly in the fish, other insect, and amphibian classes. Mosquito Munchies For bats and birds, mosquitoes are more like a passing snack. Multiple studies of wild bats have consistently shown that mosquitoes consist of less than 1 percent of their diet. In purple martins, the percentage of mosquitoes in their diet is slightly higher- about 3 percent, at most. The reason is simple. The payoff is small. A bird or a bat that feeds on insects must invest considerable energy in flying around and must catch the bugs in mid-air. Birds and bats are usually seeking the biggest caloric bang for their buck. Given the choice between a mosquito morsel, a hardy beetle, or a mouthful of moth, the mosquito hardly makes the top-10 list. An Efficient Mosquito Natural Predator Gambusia affinis, also known as the mosquitofish, is an American fish that is utilized by some mosquito control districts across the country as a very effective predator of mosquito larvae. As far as natural predators go, the mosquitofish is by far the most efficient natural predator of mosquitoes. The mosquitofish is a voracious predator. In certain studies, mosquitofish have been shown to consume up to 167 percent of their body weight in invertebrate prey, including mosquito larvae, per day. Mosquitofish, as well as small predatory fish such as guppies, can be quite useful in the reduction of mosquito larvae given the right conditions. Other Mosquito Consumers The closely related  dragonflies and damselflies  are natural predators of mosquitoes but do not consume enough mosquitoes to cause a significant impact on the wild mosquito population. Dragonflies are often referred to as mosquito hawks for an unsubstantiated claim of being able to kill thousands of mosquitoes. One thing that does make the dragonfly a better predator than most is that, in the aquatic larval stage, one of their food sources is mosquito larvae. Dragonfly larvae can sometimes live up to six years in this stage. During this phase of life, dragonflies do the most damage to mosquito populations. Frogs, toads, and their young tadpoles are often touted as excellent for mosquito control. In reality, while they do consume their fair share, it is not enough to seriously put a dent in vast mosquito populations. When frogs and toads do consume mosquitoes, it is usually after they have transformed from tadpole to adult.

A Major Theme Both in Titanic and Avatar by James Cameron Research Paper

A Major Theme Both in Titanic and Avatar by James Cameron - Research Paper Example The film Titanic developed around a fictional love story between two young passengers of the ship Titanic. As in the case of many other love stories, the lovers in this film were from different social backgrounds; one was rich and the other was poor. â€Å"The film opens in modern times and shows an expedition team diving where the Titanic sunk, taking along with it the famous 56-Carat blue diamond† (Titanic). After seeing the live telecast of this exploration, a 101-year-old woman (Rose or Kate Winslet) came forward to claim the ownership of that diamond. She then began to tell the actual story of the Titanic and the film was developed based on that. The theme of film avatar is a mining mission conducted by humans on Pandora which is the satellite of Alpha Centauri star system. Humanoids or some creatures with similarities with a human were the inhabitants of Pandora. The mining mission caused several problems to the humanoids and the war between humans and humanoids broke ou t. â€Å"The climax of the plot is the traditional epic battle of good versus evil† (Avatar: Summary and Analysis) or battle between humans and humanoids. In both the movies, at least one of the major characters faces a disaster at the end. None of the characters who faced disaster at the end deserved such a cruel destiny. In Titanic, Billy Zane accuses Jack of stealing whereas in Avatar Jake and Dr Grace were tied on a wooden cross by the humanoids. It should be noted all these characters suffered a sad end to their lives. James Cameron seems to be an expert in exploiting the sentiments of the viewers. He knows very well how to mix tragedy with romance and adventure and to exploit the soft corners of the viewers.

Colonial American Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Colonial American Women - Essay Example Hutchinson and Adams were both daughters of clergymen that risked their well being to speak out against male tyranny. However, while Hutchinson used religion to change society Adams used a more indirect approach. Hutchinson was born into the 17th century Puritan society where women were not allowed to be clergymen or magistrates. Her open defiance against female preachers opened the doors to religious tolerance and paved the way for women's rights. John Winthrop described her religious meetings as a, "thing not tolerable nor comely in the sight of God, nor fitting for your sex" (qtd. in Gomes). Hutchinson's quest for equality had raised the anger of her community and alienated her from her clergy based family. Adams, the wife of the second president John Adams, was able to influence her husband while he was a member of the Continental Congress. In a letter dated March 31, 1776 she writes, "If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation". Her words indicate the level of the growing discontent. Though her vision of equality would not be immediately realized, the constitution would contain the provisions for its future.

Two Topics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Topics - Research Paper Example Not all light is absorbed by visual pigments in the retina. Some of it penetrates through the visual pigments. When this bouncing occurs with the light that comes into the eyes, the animals effectively intensifies the quantity of light accessible for the eyes to see with. Therefore, increasing the capability to see in the darkness. With human beings, the eyes mirror light, however, does act like a reflector. Human eyes appear red in some flash photographs as a result of the camera flash bouncing off the red blood vessels and red tissue in the retina. This happens when using a photographic flash up close a camera lens, in relatively low light (Richard, 14). The red-eye effect appears in the animal and human eyes that do not have tapetum lucidum. The red-eye effect is as a result of the color of the fundus, a pigment predominantly positioned in the retinal pigment epithelium. The fundus color is a result of melanin pigment. When the light coming from a flash happens too quickly for the pupil to close, plenty of the very bright light from the flash penetrates the eye through the pupil. Due to this, the fundus at the retina is reflected off and out through the pupil. The camera registers the reflected light and emits it as a red-eye effect (Richard, 14). Chromatic Aberration is a typical optical problem that happens when a lens is incapable of conveying all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane. Chromatic aberration can also occur when the wavelengths of colors are concentrated on different locations in the focal plane. Chromatic aberration is initiated by lens scattering with different colors of light drifting at varying speeds while passing through a lens. This causes the image to appear blurred or perceptible colored edges seem around objects, especially in high-contrast conditions (Nave, 2015). An ideal lens would concentrate all wavelengths into a particular focal point, where the

Great Pyramids Essay Example for Free

Great Pyramids Essay An accomplishment that has always fascinated me has been the Great Pyramids, specifically, The Great Pyramid at Giza. This Great Pyramid is considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. This Great Pyramid contains chambers specifically for the King and Queen and is believed to have taken 20 years to have been built. (Wikipedia) The Egyptians employed many experienced men, up to 100,000. These men were worked hard and work for 10 days to receive one day off. (Smith) What I believe is most amazing in the creation of this Great Pyramid is Egyptians were able to lay these large limestone blocks and keep them straight and balanced without basic tools. They were able to get a horizontal base that was near perfect and the precision of the angles are magnificent. This is a great example of a type of technology that the Egyptian people mastered. They must have known to line things up with the sun at a certain time of the day. This would be an example of something that their culture has affected other cultures. (Smith) There were a few tools specific to the building of the pyramid. They used wooden wedges to crack the limestone. In addition, they used the Nile River to their advantage to transport the limestone and mortar by boat to the pyramid when possible. (Smith) The Great Pyramid of Giza was estimated to have been built around 3600BC and still stands today. The Great Pyramid today is open for tourists. (Wikipedia) References Smith, N. (2011). Classic projects: The Great Pyramid at Giza. Engineering Technology (17509637), 6(1), 112-113, doi:10.1049/et.2011.0145 Great Pyramid at Giza. (2013). In Wikipedia. Retrieved January 16, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza

Cause and Effects of Smallpox Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Dise

Cause and Effects of Smallpox Smallpox is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago. Smallpox is a specific, infectious, and highly contagious febrile disease known only to be transmitted by humans. It is caused by a virus from air currents which are eventually passed on from person to person. Smallpox varies from a mild form without skin manifestations to a highly fatal hemorrhagic form. Edward Jenner, an English physician, discovered a means of preventing smallpox through vaccination. Gradually mass vaccination programs were introduced in many parts of the world. Smallpox was the first disease conquered by human beings and was eradicated by vaccination. The last known cases of naturally occurring smallpox were isolated in 1977 in Somalia. Smallpox had been one of the world’s most feared diseases which killed hundreds of millions of people and scarred and blinded millions more. Smallpox, which is caused by variola virus, is a severe, often fatal, highly contagious disease. The name smallpox is derived from the Latin word for â€Å"spotted† and refers to the raised bumps that appear on the face and body of an infected person. It is characterized by high fever and distinctive skin rash that frequently leaves permanent deep-pitted scars. Smallpox varies in severity from a mild, difficult-to-recognize form without skin manifestations to a highly fatal hemorrhagic form. From the 15th century through the 18th records of the disease in Europe show its catastrophic effect on the lives of people and the political and economic history of nations. Even survivors were frequently disfigured for life. (Henderson, 1947) Smallpox was caused by a virus that spread from person to person through the air. I... ...revention. However, in the aftermath of the events of September and October, 2001, there is heightened concern that the variola virus might be used as an agent of bioterrorism. For this reason, the U.S. government is taking precautions for dealing with a smallpox outbreak. (CDC, 2005). Cause and Effects of Smallpox†¦6 References Center for Disease Control. (2004,December).Smallpox Disease Overview. Center for Disease Control. Date Retreived: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp Henderson. D. 1947. World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: Scott Fetzer. Thomas, R. (1907). Variola. The Ecletric Practice of Medcine. Date Retreived: July 21, 2005: http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/themes/smallpox.html World Health Organization. Smallpox. World Health Org. July 21, 2005: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/smallpox/en/print.html

Boston Beer Company Case Essay

_Background Information_: The Boston Beer Company, which was founded in 1984, had a very diversified thriving product line which entailed about twenty different kinds of beers. Their product was available in over nineteen various countries and used a network of around four hundred distributors. Revenues grew from 21 million dollars to 210 million dollars from inception to 1997. _Problem and Opportunity Identification_: As a result of the company’s product line and its variety, the company encountered issues sustaining and upholding of their products such as Lightship – which has been withering in recent years and which doesn’t have the volume like other products to sustain distribution. Since the light beer business that Lightship belonged to was one that was rapidly growing, the Boston Beer Company felt the need to investigate its products disappointment. The research to do so took place in different forms such as competition, market, and financial analyses, customer surveys, and finally deep emotional analysis using the ZMET technique. _Alternatives_: One option the research team is considering is introducing a new light beer into their product line. It is understandable that since the high-priced light beer industry is one of the biggest and rapidly growing field in the beer industry, the Boston Beer Company wants to occupy and take advantage of this field to further enhance its name and maintain its market share and its standing. However, there are issues in terms of positioning and marketing of this product. The product needs to be communicated as a light, rich, fun beer and targeted at a different audience that entails women. In addition to the fact that this option might cause conflict in terms of the brand image being a macho rough beer brewer, using it doesn’t solve the problem for Lightship if Lightship is going to be kept in the market offerings. Another option the research team considered was repositioning Lightship and throwing in more effort and investment into the marketing of the product. It  was obvious that, compared to one of their biggest competitors Heineken, the Boston Beer Company has had trouble and sort-of failed to build a unique brand identity for this product. The product was not successfully differentiated and positioned in the market in order for it to build market share and improve standings. This failure could make it difficult for the company to reposition itself and change consumer perceptions to gain their interests and so it might be a waste of time and efforts. Finally, the last option is the dreaded one of not competing in this realm of the industry. This is a very extreme option since this realm is a huge and growing segment of the market and they would be missing out on a lot if they decide to pull out it. The failure to fit into this field, however, might have proved that the Boston Beer Company is not competent enough and ready to compete in this segment. _Critical Issues_: There are two main critical issues that the company should consider when making the decision about their situation in the light beer industry. One critical issue concerns the brand image – the company has an umbrella brand image of being a premium masculine macho craft beer brewer and shaking that could be seen to influence consumer perceptions. The second critical issue relates to the field study and the results it yielded – do they answer our questions about how to position the light beer product or on whether we should even introduce/keep products in this segment of the market. _Conclusion and Recommendation_: After reviewing the results of the various research techniques, the recommended option would be to introduce a new high-end light beer into the market (while probably retiring Lightship). Making use of the ZMET research results, this new product should be positioned in a manner that represents an active, refreshing, and healthy lifestyle. Having a new product instead of improving Lightship is best in order to avoid the difficult efforts of having to change stubborn consumer perceptions. Also, in terms of the umbrella brand image of BBC being a macho tough image, having a separate offering targeted at other audiences will probably add to the image of having two instead of eroding the existing image.

Dansk Minox Case Study Essay

Problem: A/S Dansk Minox is a company based in Copenhagen, which specializes in branded vacuum-packed meat and other food products. Through consumer survey, the company found that there was a large untapped market for a ‘Complete meal’ product which included sliced pork along with a vacuum-sealed bag of red cabbage salad. After long discussions among the marketing and finance departments, the complete meal pack was introduced at a price of $ 8.20 per pack of 1 kg. It sold only 30 tons as against the budgeted sales of 85 tons. The problem facing the company is that whether it has to stop further production of the ‘complete meal’ product or establish a new consumer price of $ 6.85 per pack, in order to boost sales. Considerations and Analysis: In order to decide the course of action we may look at the following facts and considerations. Consumer Price 8.20 6.85 Retailer Price 5.72 4.78 Variable Cost 3.49 3.41 Volume Sales (in kgs) 30000 85000 Advertising Costs 0.3 0.3 Impact on Profit 41,400 90,950 As we can see, impact on profit is higher when 85000 kgs of complete meal is sold at $6.85/kg, rather than selling 30000 kgs at $ 8.20/kg. Now, another point to note is if production expenses are to be revised to $ 1.20/kg, then on a full cost basis, the complete meal would cost. Total unit cost (new) = Total unit cost (old) – Production expenses (old) + Production expenses (revised) Total unit cost (new) = 4.64 – 0.54 + 1.20 = $ 5.30 And Profit per unit would be = Retailer price – Total unit cost (new) = 4.78 – 5.30 = (-0.52) (i.e) there would be a loss of $ 0.52/kg, on a full cost basis, when the ‘complete meal is sold at $ 6.85. Conclusion and Recommendations: The point to be focused here is that though the new product might sell 85Â  tons at a revised price of $ 6.85 per pack, it will incur losses on a full cost basis. Also it is not feasible to lower the production costs anymore because, the resources of A/S Dansk Minox which were specialized for meat processing were now processing Vegetables. This is not their core competency and hence they would incur more costs in performing activities that they do not specialize in. Furthermore, the need for a single package containing sliced pork and red cabbage salad is itself questionable because the same packs are also individually available and these individual packs are of better quality because slice pork is Dansk Minox’s speciality and red cabbage salad is its competitior’s specialty. Hence, it is recommended that Dansk Minox stop further production of ‘complete meal (because red salad is not its core competency) and concentrate on selling its ‘standard packs, which are in fact having a significant boost in their sales or the management can look to collaborate with the best ‘red cabbage salad making company and together give the customers the best quality of ‘complete meal at the best price. The final decision would however be dependent upon managerial discretion and organizational guidelines/objectives.

How have shopping patterns changed over time Essays

How have shopping patterns changed over time Essays How have shopping patterns changed over time Essay How have shopping patterns changed over time Essay Essay Topic: The Time Machine The way we have shopped for our necessities and our luxuries have changed over the last 200-300 years. In the last 50 years, however, it has changed more rapidly then ever before in history.It may be useful to divide the last 250 years into smaller periods based on large changes in technology shopping and behaviour of people.Late middle ages : pre 1750 ADBefore about 1750, people used to do very little shopping and so there were very few shops. Most people grew their own food and made there own farming implements. Except for a few blacksmiths, jewellers, medical services etc, there was very little or no formal trade.The reasons for this were because most people lived in an agricultural setting. These were small villages with subsistence farming. There were no large cities and the population was small.The advantages of this were that there was low air pollution, all food was organic, the people had lots of exercise and people would barter for trade more often t han using money. Money, however, was used to buy property and land.There were also some disadvantages in this time. There was hard, physical work involved. There was not a wide variety of foods available and no mass production of food and goods. Mass production makes things cheaper and more widely available. Many types of foods were only available seasonally.There werent good medical facilities and communications were poor.Industrial Revolution : approx 1750-1900 ADThen came what we now call the industrial revolution. This rapid increase in use of technology and machinery was established by 1750 AD and is still on-going.This meant that there were now factories producing goods and many people were no longer farmers. These people who worked at the factories needed to buy their necessities, so corner shops and local shopping areas in town sprung up in the now growing towns. They couldnt farm as well as work at the factories as they had no time for it. There was also less barter and a m ore money based economy had started.All this happened because the towns were growing steadily larger as more industry was concentrated in those areas. Population increased and more and more shops were needed to supply the needs of the people.The advantages were that there was a large variety of food and services available. The corner shop and the local butcher and baker were now established. Customers would have a very personal and social relationship with the shopkeeper because there were fewer customers per shop (in relationship with todays large hypermarkets) and more communication between the customer and shopkeeper.The disadvantages of this type of shopping were that money was most important and so people were getting greedier. Products were getting more and more expensive. There were crowded conditions in the towns and this was unhygienic and unhealthy. There was also a lot of pollution coming from the factories and from concentrated populations. In this period we also see the introduction of child labour in sweat shops. This is the England described in the books of Charles Dickens.Travel becomes easier : approx 1900-1980 ADThis major change happened from approximately 1900 and travel continued to get easier until about 1980. The car had just been invented and people began escaping the congested cities to live in the areas near the city but beyond the CBD: the suburb was born.Satellite towns had developed around large cities and there were now high streets. Supermarkets and then hypermarkets appeared. There was now convenience shopping, and large, out-of-town shopping centres arose in the suburbs.All this happened basically because vehicles allowed people to escape the crowded cities and settle out in the suburbs where it was more peaceful and cleaner. To and from the city became much easier because public transport (buses and trains) began to become common.The advantages of this were that people could work near to where they lived. It was easier to trav el to work in the city by car or public transport. There was a large variety of goods and services available. Food off all types was available in all seasons. There were more houses, and bigger houses available.The disadvantages of this time were that there was an urban sprawl (larger and larger cities). This meant much more pollution and traffic caused by the vehicles. Large demands of food meant that genetically modified (GM) food was developed and organic food became much dearer to buy. Less time, larger stores and many more customers meant there was no personal relationship with customers and shopkeepers. People wouldnt walk much either and so obesity increased.Internet Shopping and Malls : approx 1980 presentThis new trend started in the late 1970s and early 80s and on until today. The computer has been developed and is commonly available. The internet allows shopping to be done without leaving home.The faster growing type of shopping now is internet shopping. Shopping malls w hich offer retailaintment are popping up. Larger and larger hypermarkets are being made. This offers all-under-one-roof shopping.The reasons for this type of shopping are because of the development of small, but powerful computers. The broadband technology was invented and globalisation means that people demand international standards of goods and services as they become more aware of whats available elsewhere in the world.The only advantages for internet shopping are that it is more time saving and is convenient. The advantages for the malls are that people can hang out which means they can have fun with their friends while they shop. They also have a wide range of activities and games they can play. They can have fun.The disadvantages for internet shopping are that there is a more impersonal relationship with the seller. People dont get to see, and touch, and try out their clothes and other products. There is the possibility of fraud when paying on-line. The disadvantages of malls are that there is still an impersonal relationship. Also, malls can become a focus point for rowdy youths. E.g. recently, the Bluewater shopping centre in Kent had to ban youths wearing hooded jackets with caps as these were being used to conceal their identities while behaving anti-socially.Whilst these methods suits younger people, the older generation find it difficult to handle computers and other new electronic gadgets. The older people miss the way of life in their youth and the relationship they enjoyed having with their butcher, baker and candlestick maker.The changes described in the essay above since the early part of the industrial revolution are clearly visible if we look at pictures and descriptions of shopping areas and shopping behaviour from the past 100 or so years.

The Contribution of Etablishment Death and Births to Employment Growth essays

The Contribution of Etablishment Death and Births to Employment Growth essays The relatively recent development of longitudinal establishment datasets has generated quite a bit of excitement in both the academic and the statistical communities. From this literature, we have learned that there is a large amount of volatility at the individual establishment level that underlies the smooth time series of aggregate employment growth. The descriptive statistics coming out of this literature have not only stimulated the review and updating of existing labor market theories, but have also stimulated the U.S. statistical agencies to develop their administrative datasets in such a way so as to produce longitudinal job flow statistics. The purpose of this paper is to use a new longitudinal database from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in order to examine how establishment births and deaths contribute to job creation, job destruction, and net employment growth at different frequencies of measurement. Despite all that we have learned about the labor market from the existing job flows literature, the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies are somewhat limited. First, almost all of the existing work using U.S. data has been restricted to the manufacturing sector. Recent work by several authors has illustrated how job creation and job destruction in manufacturing may not be representative of the entire U.S. economy. A second limitation is that most of the existing empirical work on job flows, either by choice or by necessity, is based upon data that excludes the Since most establishment births and deaths are quite small, at least in the short run, we are thus unsure how these births and deaths influence employment growth. While data that focuses on large establishments will cover most employment, an analysis of job flows depends on the magnitude of employment flows at continuing establishments relative to the ...

Inspiring Quotes - Inspirational Quotes For Stress Relief

Inspiring Quotes - Inspirational Quotes For Stress Relief Often, a shift in perspective can help relieve the stress of a variety of situations; thats where inspiring quotes can be not just fun to read, but great for stress management as well. The following group of inspirational quotes goes a step furthereach quote is followed up with an explanation on how the concept relates to stress, and a link is supplied to supply you with additional information to take things a step further. The result is a collection of inspiring quotes you can share, and an increase in optimism and motivation as well. Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin.- Mother Teresa Being fully present today is not only a great way to maximize your success, but its a very effective strategy for relieving stress as well. If you struggle with anxiety and rumination, try mindfulness. We all live with the objective of being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same. -Anne Frank I love this quote. And while different specific things may lead to happiness for each of us, we all tend to respond to the same basic elements, according to positive psychology research. Heres what makes most people happywhat specific things make you happy? Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly. -Robert Schuller Perhaps surprisingly, perfectionists can be LESS productive because the intense focus on perfection can lead to procrastination (or missing deadlines entirely!) and other success-sabotaging side-effects. Do you have perfectionistic tendencies? If so, what might you do today to allow yourself to enjoy a successfully imperfect day? We turn not older with years but newer every day. -Emily Dickinson This is a great quote to remember each birthday, or on days when youre feeling your best times just may be behind you. One thing I started doing for birthdays (and adding to on ho-hum days) is creating a bucket list of great things I still intend to do. What might be on your bucket list? Some of the secret joys of living are not found by rushing from point A to point B, but by inventing some imaginary letters along the way. -Douglas Pagels Sometimes adding some fun activities into your schedule can give you the energy and motivation to handle the work of your day with a smile. Other times, these activities can lighten your mood, or provide you with a sense of meaning that can get you out of bed in the morning. What imaginary letters might lessen your stress today? Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Victoria Holt I’m a big fan of savoring experiences (the positive psychology way)- that’s easy! Accepting and learning from mistakes is challenging, but no less important for our emotional wellbeing, and positively vital for our stress levels! What mistakes can be embraced and mined for good experience? Being happy doesnt mean that everything is perfect. It means that youve decided to look beyond the imperfections. unknown Stress relief, like happiness, doesnt come from having a perfect life. It comes from appreciating the great stuff, and coping with the less-than-great stuff. What do you appreciate in life? What can you look beyond? Freedom is mans capacity to take a hand in his own development. It is our capacity to mold ourselves. Rollo May One of the best ways to change your life is to change the way you think about things. Changing your perspective can change everything. How would your day be better if your thoughts shifted? He who smiles rather than rages is always the stronger. -Japanese Wisdom Its not always easy to do, but if youre able to laugh instead of crying or screaming, stressors are easier to handle. Think of a time when you did this well, and remember your strength. A childs life is like a piece of paper on which every passer by leaves a mark.-Chinese Proverb We are all affected by the experiences we have in life, especially as children. Helping kids learn healthy stress management techniques (and reminding ourselves at the same time, or learning along with them) is one of the best gifts you can give. How might you make a difference in the life of a child today?

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Sociology - Essay Example Sociology is often synonymous with culture. Sociologists generally study culture by interpreting collective meanings by tracing the moral textures and delicate emotional pathways that each individual or group of individuals being influenced. Sociology further concentrates on the answering why and what is the meaning of each culture in order to uncover the ideal structures of culture as influenced by the cultures of nearby groups that they are in contact with during their day to day activities (Alexander, 2003, p. 5). In terms of power, it is similar to the study of why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Why the American People declared their independence from it native England, Why Hitler declared that all Jews must be eradicated from the face of the earth, Why Russia and China became Communist governments, Why Russia finally broke up into several independent states, and other similar examples(Fogel & Lee, 2002). In terms of gender, it is the study of why females act the way they do and why males often act this way or that way. Another researcher, Rorty, stated in a research that the arguments on feminism from the rather abstract meaning gender that focused on the self and a person’s enrichment. For, inequality can be glaringly abound in a societal group because each person in the group is magnetized to espoused to implement the group’s stand on gender which generally states that the Caucasian race is physically and mentally superior to the whites (Cruickshank, 2002, p. 59). In terms of ideology, sociology is the study of why the Japanese during World War II was well bent on conquering the world and why the Communist founders and the democratic countries often go head to head against each other believing that their system of government is the best in terms of giving their people a better way of life. George Eliot stated in his research that the study of Ideology is the

The Japanese Traditional Structure of Quick Response Assignment

The Japanese Traditional Structure of Quick Response - Assignment Example Light has been shed on how the supply chain structure leads to the success of such a business. Moreover, an analysis of the future effects of the Japan-Korean fashion collaboration in the setting of globalization in the fashion industry is elaborated. Major apparel firms work at introducing new styles every week. This is to be able to meet the demand of the Japanese young women market that is characterized by a fast-moving trend cycle with a great diversity of choices in styles. Studies show that fast fashion has a real effect on the supply chain for the fashion product, but the consumer demand is the main driving force that determines this fast fashion. This contrasts with the previous theories on the supply chain, which have been solely supplying driven aspects. Fast fashion is a phenomenon that is developed as a direct result of changing anticipations and demand from customers (Lea-Greenwood, 2006, p. 266). In addition, there is a tradition among the Japanese people that makes them prefer many varieties and have an interest in the craft. This calls for their fashion styles to be always changing apart from being unique from those of their counterparts. The organizations do not mainly depend on the seasonal collection, but they e nsure that there is a compressed time interval between the moment a product is designed and the moment that is used. This compression is attained either by lumping together selections that are more regular or through an ongoing redesigning and unchanging new production. In other words, the Just - in - Time (JIT) supply chain management theory is upheld. It entails â€Å"having the items of the right quality and quantity in the right place at the right time† (Cheng et al, 1996, p.2).  

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

International Management - Essay Example The present study would analyse the business strategies of Toyota Motors Corporation with regards to achieving global competence. The study would specifically analyse the product offering and product based strategies of the firm and how these have been used by the firm to gain global competitive advantage. The choice of the organization assumes significance considering the fact that Toyota is one of the most formidable brands of the world and has a significant market share in the global car market. The company has a product offering that tends to offer the best products to the customers. It also has operations spread around major consumer markets of the world and is known for its operational and manufacturing excellence strategies. Background About the Company Toyota Motors Corporation is one of the most reputed car makers of the world. The automobile behemoth was established in the year 1937 and is presently one of the most formidable brands of the world with its stocks listed on th e bourses of the US stock exchanges as well as Japanese stock exchange. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and has a capital worth 397.05 billion Yen as of 2010. The company has a total of 320,590 employees on active payroll as of March 2010. The main business area of the organization is in the areas of automobile production and sales. It has a multi product offering that helps in targeting a large number of market segments. The company is known for its innovations in product design and operational expertise that helps it to provide greater value to the customers (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2011). Product Portfolio Mix Toyota Motors Corporation is in the business of automobile manufacturing and sales and has a product offering that caters to almost all sections and segments. The company’s product offering includes cars that includes hatchbacks, sedans as well as luxury SUV’s, hybrid cars, trucks and commercial vehicles. The detailed products under the brand a re provided in the table below: Table 1: Product Offering of Toyota Motors Corporation Cars Models Category Price (US $) Â   Yaris Hatchback 13155 Â   Corolla Sedan 15900 Â   Matrix Hatchback 16700 Â   Camry Sedan 20195 Â   Prius Sedan 23520 Â   Sienna Minivan 25060 Â   Avalon Sedan 33195 Â   Â   Â   Â   SUV RAV 4 SUV 22475 Â   FJ Crusiser SUV 25790 Â   Venza Crossover 27125 Â   Highlander SUV 28090 Â   4Runner SUV 30305 Â   Sequoia SUV 40930 Â   Land Cruiser SUV 68920 Â   Trucks Tacoma Truck 16365 Â   Tundra Truck 24435 (Source: Toyota Motors Corporation-a, 2011) As evident from the table shown above Toyota has a very large product offering that helps it to cater to a large number of customer segments. The prices of the vehicles have been formulated in a manner that would help the firm to target a wide customer audience. On one hand there are highly priced SUV’s and hybrid vehicles as well as price friendly hatchbacks that help it to meet the demands of a large section of the customers. The company’s product strategy follows an innovative approach with focus on looks, design as well as engine capacities. The company has continuously modified its product offering with respect to the changing demands of the consumer audience. The company has made it a part of its vision to produce more hybrid and green vehicles that are environment friendly (Toyota

Columbus first voyage, 1493 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Columbus first voyage, 1493 - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that Christopher Columbus was a navigator and explorer whose mission was to explore to the Indies. During his exploration, Columbus sailed to different locations including the west across the Atlantic Ocean. He had difficulty obtaining support for his plan because European thought the Earth was flat. Columbus’ first journey and discovery were a remarkable event in world history because of its extensive importance. Columbus discovery of the Indies expanded knowledge of the sea and trade routes. His discovery of the wealth in Indies initiated success for most European countries such as Spain in trade and other commercial activities. In addition, Columbus’ discovery motivated other explorers to embark on other voyages that marked the Era of Discovery. New opportunities for commerce were developed for European. Based on reports about Columbus first voyage in 1493, the mission initiated several discoveries and trade among European nations. In his letter, Columbus notified Lord Gabriel Sanchis of his discovery of the islands of India. He expressed the pleasure of having successfully completed the mission to discover the great islands of the sea. His discovery was a plausible step towards opening up avenues of trade. In the Indiana Sea, Columbus discovered islands inhabited by a great population. Columbus named the various islands discovered in the Indiana Sea. These included the islands of Fernandina, Isabella, Juana and Santa Maria. Juana was an extensive island and, therefore, named the province of Cathay.  

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Research Paper - 1

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Assignment - Research Paper Example That is why I choose this company. There are two main types of laws and regulations that govern Timewise Food Stores in its day to day operations. These are the governmental regulation and company policy. Shell gas station is one of the very vast liability stores that are located in Texas. There is a variety of legal compliance whose adherence is required of the company. There is a legal requirement, professional standards and policies that the company has established for all its outlets in the Texas. The legal requirement includes federal and local county laws that regulate the stores in their daily activities. The most important for Shell store manager is to be aware of any matter related to Tobacco or Alcohol. Federal law requires Shell to sell tobacco to customers over the age of 18 years old and alcohol to over the age of 21 years old. However, each state is free to create its own laws, agencies, and punishments. According to Texas regulation, there is no restriction concerning selling hours or places of sale of Tobacco. However, the violation of term in buying or selling Tobacco to minor is subject to same penalties as alcohol penalties. The laws on alcohol establishments occur under the control of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.025, first and second offense of minor licensee is considered a class-C misdemeanor which means it only carries a 30-60 days maximum suspension of license and a fine of up to $500.00 along with 8 to 40 hours of community service. However, if the licensee is over 18 years of age, then it usually increased to a class-B misdemeanor, which is 6 months to a full year in jail and a $250 to $2000 fine. An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Sec. 106.071. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.03 a clerk who actually sold

Hispanic American Diversity College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hispanic American Diversity College - Essay Example All the four groups uphold rich cultural identities even if they are clustered in a similar domain on the platform of language popularly referred to as Hispanic Americans. These groups share Spanish language although they have distinct dialects with a phonetically varied composition of similar words that are spelled and pronounced the have having exhibiting different meanings. For instance, sopa means soup in some countries, whereas meaning soap in different countries. The Mexican American language is composed of both Spanish and English, which has been colloquially branded as Spanglish. On the political perspective the Mexican Americans have been very proactive especially in mooting and championing the Mexican American Civil Rights movement that was enhanced and frontiered by Mendoza V Reies lopez Tijerina. They have been impeccable in agitating for the land grants through the words of Rodolfo 'Corky' Gonzales who derives the implicit behind Chicano through his apocalyptic poem; I am Joaquin, embraces Cesar Chavez and the farm workers. The movement is known as Mendoza, V. "The Mexican American Civil Rights Movement" which advocates for myriad issues across the board. This ranges from enactment of land grants, rights to farm workers, comprehensive education systems and also have been vocal in agitating for the political and voting rights. The social context ingrained in the consciousnes... According to Huntington, numbers reported from the National Latino Political Survey, conducted at towards the end of 1980 indicated that only 90 percent of Mexican Americans of any generation don't go beyond high school. The survey also indicates that only four percent of the fourth generation attained the baccalaureate; 40 percent of the entire generation fails to obtain the high diploma, while only 10 percent of the fourth generation went beyond high school. However the Mexican immigrants to American have experienced monumental resistance in trying to gear forth for their absorption from the immigrant status into the mainstream social class. In regard to the discriminatory and poor educational systems that they were offered, the Mexican Americans find it had to get incorporated into the American mainstream lifestyle. Economically, Mexican Americans are getting on fairly in respect to the predominant Mexican American Civil rights movement that they agitated before. However fair competition, substantial wages and holistic benefits remain a dream come true for the Mexican Americans The families in the Mexican American setup are especially centered on the grandparents with a keen attention on the grandmother. They are rather staple when it comes to family. In the traditional aspect Grandmothers have been known in feeding and healing of patients. They also knew stories foods and stuff and even language. American Christmas traditions are copied from their traditions. This includes the traditional Mexican posada, a house to house celebration of song and food that replicates. Puerto Ricans. The Puerto Ricans language is primarily Spanish. According to the research findings the Puerto

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Research Paper - 1

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Assignment - Research Paper Example That is why I choose this company. There are two main types of laws and regulations that govern Timewise Food Stores in its day to day operations. These are the governmental regulation and company policy. Shell gas station is one of the very vast liability stores that are located in Texas. There is a variety of legal compliance whose adherence is required of the company. There is a legal requirement, professional standards and policies that the company has established for all its outlets in the Texas. The legal requirement includes federal and local county laws that regulate the stores in their daily activities. The most important for Shell store manager is to be aware of any matter related to Tobacco or Alcohol. Federal law requires Shell to sell tobacco to customers over the age of 18 years old and alcohol to over the age of 21 years old. However, each state is free to create its own laws, agencies, and punishments. According to Texas regulation, there is no restriction concerning selling hours or places of sale of Tobacco. However, the violation of term in buying or selling Tobacco to minor is subject to same penalties as alcohol penalties. The laws on alcohol establishments occur under the control of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.025, first and second offense of minor licensee is considered a class-C misdemeanor which means it only carries a 30-60 days maximum suspension of license and a fine of up to $500.00 along with 8 to 40 hours of community service. However, if the licensee is over 18 years of age, then it usually increased to a class-B misdemeanor, which is 6 months to a full year in jail and a $250 to $2000 fine. An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Sec. 106.071. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.03 a clerk who actually sold

Critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced Essay

Critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced to facilitate collaboration in England and Wales.Outline th - Essay Example We can also look at it in the way that the two countries established collaboration or mutual benefits, thus, accepting their statements in their reports to be true. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, collaboration is the condition of having common interests in either social or business affairs. It is an interconnection of two or more states, a liaison, and reciprocity. Relying on this definition alone, we can assume that the word used can be more appropriately defined to be an interconnection of the two states having common interest in business affairs. In the official website of the Kent/Essex police, it is explicitly mentioned that their primary goal in doing such action (collaboration) is to strengthen their police forces and to earn money as well. We can just simply say that the social aspects will be a side effect of the business strategy made by the two different countries. In a more political sense, we can see this as a political strategy by England and most especial ly Wales to compete in the global political as well as economic power. A Polarization is the fusion of two or more states to create a stronger entity in the international arena. In a broader sense, we can explain this phenomenon using different types of theories like realism, liberalism and complex interdependence. Using the information I have gathered, leaning to the facts stated in the Kent/Essex official web site, we can use the liberalism approach to have a deeper understanding on the collaboration of England and Wales. In a liberalist perspective, it implies that states are rational thinkers who can think of ways and solution of peaceful co-existence in the international arena. This mainly contradicts the realist perspective that believes that every state has a different interest and that it depicts other states to be a threat of their existence. We can assume that liberalist approach to be true by looking at the different international organization established now today. We ha ve there the United Nations as an organization of almost all countries of the world, the European Union (UN) in Western Region, the Association of South East Asian Nation and other related organization. These are deemed to be a helping hand of the different countries in terms of conflicts and other problems of either economic, security, political, etc. Looking now at state level, we can also say that the Serious Crime directorate, being a product of the Kent/Essex police of England’s and Wales’ rational ability to think of ways and to find solution to have a better and stronger police force â€Å"Since then, the collaboration program has achieved a number of success, including the sharing of air support and marine services and the formation of a pioneering joint IT Directorate – the first of its kind in England and Wales – and joint procurement unit – which had increased the two forces’ buying power and helped to save money.† – Kent/Essex Collaboration Team Serious Crime Directorate (SCD) The SCD was established just last year (2010) by the Kent police and Essex policy to protect their people from any danger in a more efficient and effective way. The Kent/Essex collaboration team started in 2007 and had already implemented several policies, specifically police policies to ensure and uphold the security of their people. These would include the joint Operation Forefront which includes: the joint marine unit,